Disharmonisasi Norma Tanggung Jawab Pelaku Usaha Berbasis Strict Liability dalam Sengketa Konsumen
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37481/jmh.v6i2.2028Keywords:
Strict Liability, Consumer Protection, Legal Inconsistency, Liability Regimes, Legal CertaintyAbstract
This study examines the normative inconsistency in regulating business actors’ liability under Law No. 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection, particularly in relation to the application of strict liability. The main problem arises from the coexistence of different liability regimes, namely strict liability, fault-based liability, and presumption of liability, without clear conceptual boundaries. This situation creates legal uncertainty and weakens the position of consumers. The research aims to analyze this inconsistency and propose a conceptual reconstruction to achieve legal coherence. This study applies a normative juridical method with statutory, conceptual, and analytical approaches, focusing on Articles 19(1), 19(5), and 28 of the law. The findings show that the overlap of liability models leads to ambiguity in interpretation and inconsistent law enforcement, which enables business actors to avoid responsibility. This condition is not in line with the principles of legal certainty and justice within the welfare state framework. Therefore, clearer differentiation of liability regimes is required through legislative clarification or judicial guidelines so that strict liability can function effectively in protecting consumers and ensuring fair business practices.
References
Barkatullah, A. H. (2019). Hukum perlindungan konsumen: Kajian teoritis dan perkembangan pemikiran. Nusa Media.
Benuf, K., & Azhar, M. (2020). Metodologi penelitian hukum sebagai instrumen mengurai permasalahan hukum kontemporer. Jurnal Gema Keadilan, 7(1), 20-33.
Cane, P. (2020). An introduction to tort law (4th ed.). Oxford University Press.
Deakin, S., Johnston, A., & Markesinis, B. (2019). Markesinis and Deakin’s tort law (8th ed.). Oxford University Press.
Diana, D., & Lie, G. (2025). The application of the strict liability principle in the protection of consumers of digital logistics services. Indonesian Journal of Law and Economics Review, 20(4).
Faure, M., & Partain, R. (2019). Environmental liability and insurance. Cambridge University Press.
Goldberg, J. C. P., & Zipursky, B. C. (2021). Recognizing wrongs. Harvard University Press.
Holijah. (2020). Strict liability principle: Consumer protection from hidden defective products in Indonesia. Sriwijaya Law Review, 4(2), 109-123.
Howells, G. (2021). Consumer protection law (3rd ed.). Routledge.
Ibrahim, J. (2021). Teori dan metodologi penelitian hukum normatif. Bayumedia Publishing.
IRAC Legal Writing. (2022). Legal research and writing methods. IRAC Publishing.
Kamba, A. N., & Triwahyuni, D. (2020). Pendekatan komparatif dalam penelitian hukum. Jurnal Ilmiah Kebijakan Hukum, 14(2), 155-168.
Kristiyanti, C. T. S. (2020). Hukum perlindungan konsumen. Sinar Grafika.
Lorenza, A., Sazeti, E., & Widia, S. (2024). Tanggung jawab hukum produsen atas makanan berbahaya dalam perspektif strict liability. Sosial Simbiosis: Jurnal Integrasi Ilmu Sosial dan Politik, 2(2).
McLean, J., & McMillan, J. (2020). State liability and legal accountability. Oxford University Press.
Nasution, A. (2021). Hukum perlindungan konsumen: Suatu pengantar. Diadit Media.
Nugroho, S. A. (2021). Perlindungan hukum konsumen dalam perspektif tanggung jawab produk. Jurnal Hukum Ius Quia Iustum, 28(2), 345-360.
Nur, Y. H., & Prabowo, D. W. (2020). Penerapan prinsip tanggung jawab mutlak dalam rangka perlindungan konsumen. Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan, 5(2).
Owen, D. G. (2020). Products liability law (3rd ed.). West Academic Publishing.
Rahardjo, S. (2021). Ilmu hukum. Citra Aditya Bakti.
Sidharta, B. A. (2020). Refleksi tentang struktur ilmu hukum. Jurnal Hukum dan Pembangunan, 50(1), 1-15.
Sinduningrum, A., & Marlyna, H. (2023). Penerapan strict liability dalam hukum pelindungan konsumen di Indonesia: Perbandingan negara lain. UNES Law Review, 6(2).
Subagyono, B. S. A., Romadhona, M. K., Chumaida, Z. V., Suheryadi, B., & Elkhashab, N. S. (2024). Can Indonesia’s laws keep up? Protecting consumer rights in digital transactions. Journal of Law and Legal Reform, 5(3), 869-890.
Suteki, & Taufani, G. (2020). Metodologi penelitian hukum (filsafat, teori, dan praktik). Rajawali Pers.
Tamanaha, B. Z. (2021). Legal theory: A concise introduction. Oxford University Press.
Van Boom, W. H. (2020). Private law and the value of choice. Eleven International Publishing.
Widnyana, P. R. W., Agung, A. A. I., & Astiti, N. G. K. S. (2021). Tinjauan yuridis pertanggungjawaban mutlak dalam hukum perlindungan konsumen. Jurnal Konstruksi Hukum, 2(2), 244-249.
Wongkar, E. E. L. T. (2024). Meninjau kembali strict liability: Perkembangan konseptual dan tantangannya dalam ajudikasi lingkungan di Indonesia. Jurnal Pro Natura.
Yuanitasari, D., Kusmayanti, H., & Suwandono, A. (2023). A comparison study of strict liability principles implementation for product liability within Indonesian consumer protection law. Cogent Social Sciences, 9(2).
